So for a truly stealthy attack, a replica map is required. For instance, a driver might see a straight road where the spoofed GPS shows a crossroads. But any sensible driver would be able to determine something was wrong if the map suddenly looked very different. The hacker can then start sending false GPS data. In a typical GPS spoofing attack, the hacker forces the software to connect to their own equipment rather than the legitimate satellite systems. Why bother with the ghost map? To keep the driver truly unaware they’re going the wrong way.
It’s then possible to switch in a “ghost location” to replace the legitimate place the driver wants to get to without them noticing, according to the researchers’ paper. Their hacks used an algorithm that searched for map layouts that look similar but aren ’t the same as the real ones. The researchers-from Virginia Tech, the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and Microsoft Research-tested out their attacks at midnight in Chengdu, China, riding around in a Ford Escape, guided by Google’s navigation software running on two different phones, a Xiaomi with Android 8.0 and a Huawei on Android 6.0.
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